hemoglobin a1c normal range for diabetics

This study was designed to determine the clinical usefulness of the combined measurement of serum fructosamine and HbA1c in the management of childhood diabetes mellitus and the correlation between them.Ĭlinical data on 74 Korean children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus who were under management at the Department of Pediatrics of Dankook University Hospital were evaluated. The serum fructosamine levels reflect the mean glucose levels over two to three weeks.

However, it can vary in cases of hemoglobinopathy or an altered red blood cell lifespan. It usually reflects the average glucose levels over two to three months, and is correlated with the development of long-term diabetic complications. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is often used as an indicator of glucose control.

Future studies are needed to clarify the use of fructosamine for diabetes management in PWLH. There were discrepant cases particularly among those with lower hemoglobin levels. We demonstrated a large correlation between HbA1c and fructosamine across a range of hemoglobin and albumin levels. These discrepant individuals had lower mean hemoglobin levels than those elevated by both tests. We identified participants with unremarkable HbA1c values but elevated fructosamine values. Trend tests for correlations between fructosamine and HbA1c were significant for both albumin () and hemoglobin () with the lowest correlations in the lowest hemoglobin quartile. We found a correlation of 0.70 between fructosamine and HbA1c levels. We examined discrepant individuals with values elevated only on one test. We examined Spearman rank correlations between fructosamine and HbA1c and performed linear test for trends to compare fructosamine and HbA1c correlations by hemoglobin and albumin quartiles. We examined the relationship between HbA1c and fructosamine values, specifically focusing on anemia (which can affect HbA1c) and albumin as a marker of liver disease. However, its use has not been extensively evaluated in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Serum fructosamine is a good alternative to HbA1c for monitoring and diagnosing T2D in the presence of sickle cell trait.įructosamine is an alternative method to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for determining average glycemia. The areas under the curve (AUC) of serum fructosamine in identifying individuals with uncontrolled glycemia and individuals with T2D were similar and independent of sickle cell trait: 0♹2 (95% confidence interval, 0♸8-0♹5 and 0.92 (95% CI, (0.89-0.95) respectively. Fructosamine was highly correlated with both HbA1c and fasting glucose independently of sickle cell trait. Serum fructosamine was similar between individuals with or without sickle cell trait (median: 287 vs 275 umol/L, p=0♱1, respectively) despite statistically different HbA1c. The estimated diagnostic cut-off for serum fructosamine was then validated in an independent multi-ethnic cohort of 634 West Africans. The accuracies of serum fructosamine in monitoring and diagnosing T2D were evaluated using the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics and other measures in 618 Nigerians with or without sickle cell trait. Therefore, we established a reference interval for serum fructosamine and evaluated its utility as a potential glycemic biomarker that is not affected by abnormal hemoglobin. The co-existence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with sickle cell anemia calls for alternative tests. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test can be unreliable in the presence of hemoglobinopathies.

Hemoglobin a1c normal range for diabetics